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Faith Community and Health Project

Bibliography and Resource List





Contents                                                                                                        



Introduction                                                                                           

 

 

Defining/Conceptualizing Spirituality and Religion                                            

 

 

Domains of Health and Spirituality                                                                               

 

            Physical Domain of Health                                                                      

 

            Mental Domain of Health                                                                   

 

            Social Domain of Health                                                           

 

            Spiritual Domain of Health                                                                 

                                                                                   

            Holistic Perspectives on Spirituality and Health                               

 

 
Tools for Professionals
 
Spiritual Practice Guidelines for Professionals                                                   

 

Spiritual Assessment Tools                                                                              

 

 

World Religions and Health                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

Issues in Science and Religion                                                         

 

 

Introduction

     While the bibliography and resources list below is quite large, it represents only a minute fraction of the available literature. Categorical distinctions become difficult with this combination of categories. A separation of mind and body, for instance, is noted by many authors as a false distinction (see M. B. MCGuire, "Religion and Healing the Mind/Body/Self" or Chirban's "Health and Faith".) In addition, social factors such as age, race, or sexuality are often interlaced with spirituality and health, making the divisions within this report difficult to construct. (see Barusch, "Religion, Adversity and Age," or R. L. DePalo's Ph. D. dissertation concerning spirituality, homosexuality, and AIDS.) However, the following bibliography provides publications that have been categorized by domains of health and well-being (physical, social, mental, spiritual, and holistic perspective) based on the primary emphasis of each item. The domain on spirituality, as treated separately, relates to sources that focus on the spiritual and religious factors that promote spiritual well-being, such as prayer.  The topic of spirituality pervades all the other domains as well.  Various items that are especially useful have been annotated.  The additional categories of World Religion and Health; and Issues in Science and Religion have been added.  The bibliography concludes with a list of internet resources of general pertinence to religion and health, followed by links to available syllabi for university courses on spirituality and health and social work. Various items are annotated..

 

 

Defining/Conceptualizing Spirituality or Religion                                                        Back to top

 

Cavendish, R., Luise, B.K. et al. (2000). Opportunities for enhanced spirituality relevant to well adults.  Nursing      Diagnosis, 11.4, 151-170.

                                         

            Based on qualitative study of 12 well adults regarding opportunities in life that facilitate       or support spirituality, found seven themes: beliefs, inner motivating factors, divine       providence, understanding the mystery, walking through, and life events.

 

Chandler, C. K., Holden, J. M., & Kolander, C. A. (1992).  Counseling for Spiritual Wellness:  Theory and Practice.       Journal of Conseling & Development, 71, Nov/Dec., 168-175.

 

            Offers well elaborated definitions for terms: spiritual, spiritual experience, spiritual development, and spiritual wellness.  Offers two models to further illustrate.

 

Epperly, B.G. (2000).  Prayer, process, and the future of medicine. Journal of Religion and Helath, 39 (1), 23-37.

 

            Propose process-relational metaphysics model as aid in practice of medicine.

 

Frankel Perry, B. Gail. (1998). The relationship between faith and well-being. Journal of Religion and Health, 37(2), 125-136.

                                         

            Identifies six themes regarding well-being and faith presented in a qualitative study of a sample of Canadian Christians. 

 

Gleason, John J. (1999). The four worlds of spiritual assessment and care. Journal of Religion and Health, 38 (4),
      305-317.

                                         

            Develops a model of four spiritual worlds that people in hospital may inhabit. 

 

Hawks, S.R., Hull, M.L, et al. (1995).  Review of spiritual health: definition, role and intervention strategies in health promotion.  American Journal of Health Promotion, 9 (5), 371-378. 

 

Hickson, J. & Phelps, A. (1997). Women's spirituality: a proposed practice model. Journal of Family Social Work, 2(4), 43-57.

           

            Discussions of defining spirituality, and elucidation of a model for women's spirituality based largely on feminist empowerment principles.  Strong practice emphasis.

                                         

Ingersoll, R. E. (1998).  Refining Dimensions of Spiritual Wellness:  A Cross-Traditional Approach.  Counseling and Values, 42 (4), 156-165.

 

            Lists ten dimensions of spiritual wellness to aid therapists in counseling: meaning, connectedness, mystery, sense of freedom, experience-ritual, forgiveness, hope, knowledge-learning, present-centeredness, conception of absolute.

 

Kass, J. D. (1991).  Contributions of Religious Experience to Psychological and Physical Well-Being:  Research Evidence and an Explanatory Model.  The Caregiver Journal, 8(4).  199-211.

 

            Concludes that individuals may have natural capacity for core spiritual experiences

 

Koenig, H., McCullough, M., and Larson, D. (2001). Well-being chapter of Handbook of Religion and Health. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 97-117.

 

Koenig, H., McCullough, M., and Larson, D. (2001).  Definitions chapter of Handbook of Religion and Health. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 17-23.

 

Kinsley, D. (1996).  Health, healing, and religion: a cross-cultural perspective.  Upper Saddle River, NJ:  Prentice Hall.

 

LaPierre, L.L. (1994). A model for describing spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 33(2), 153-161.

           

            Author is United Methodist.  Identifies six factors/dimensions of spirituality. 

Lincoln, V. (2000).  Ecospirituality.  Journal of Holistic Nursing, 18(3).  Sept 2000, 227-238.

 

            Describes essences of an ecospirituality consciousness: tending, dwelling, reverence, connectedness, and sentience.

 

Mahoney, M. J., & Graci, G. M. (1999).  The Meanings and Correlates of Spirituality:  Suggestions from an Exploratory      Survey of Experts.  Death Studies, 23(6). 521-527.

 

            Results of survey from experts in death studies and spiritual studies: charity, community or connectedness, compassion, forgiveness, hope, meaning, and morality.

Mosby's Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary (1998).  Definition of spiritual well-being, potential for enhanced. Edition 5, 1998, p. 830D.

            Defines spiritual well-being as "the process of an individual's developing or unfolding of mystery through harmonious interconnectedness that springs from inner strengths."  Its "defining characteristics are inner strengths:  a sense of awareness, self-consciousness, sacred source, unifying force, inner core, and transcendence; unfolding mystery: one's experience about life's purpose and meaning, mystery, uncertainty, and struggles; harmonious interconnectedness: relatedness, connectedness, harmony with self, others, higher power or God, and the environment." 


Muldoon, M. & King, N. (1995). Spirituality, health care and bioethics. Journal of Religion and Health, 34 (4), 329-247.

                                         

            In-depth discussion of spirituality, particularly vis-ŕ-vis the biomedical model and holistic model.  Good elucidation of the concepts and their development. 

 
Pargament, K.I. (1999).  The Psychology of Religion and Spirituality?  Yes and No.  The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 9(1), 3-16.

Perrin, K.M. & McDermott, R.J. (1997).  The spiritual dimension of health: a review. American Journal of Health             Studies, 13(2), 90-99.

 

         Contains definition of terms: religion, religious experience, religiousness, spirituality, spiritual dimension of health, spiritual experience, spiritual maturity.  Also lists 11 separate measurement instruments


Perry, B. G. F. (1998).  The Relationship Between Faith and Well-Being.  Journal of Religion and Health, 37(2).  125-136.

 

            Proposes tools used by faithful to achieve sense of peace leading to well-being: community, hope, meaning systems, behavioral constraints, and elements of church practice and church life.

 

Witmer, J. M., & Sweeney, T. J. (1992).  A Holistic Model for Wellness and Prevention Over the Life Span.  Journal of Counseling & Development, 71.  Nov/Dec, 140-148.

 

            Introduces model for wellness containing five life tasks, one of which is spirituality.

 

Zinnbauer, B.J. (1997).  Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy.  Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36 (4), 549-564.

 



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Physical Domain of Health

 
Berland, W. (1995).  Can the Self Affect the Course of Cancer?:  Unexpected Cancer Recovery:  Why Patients Believe They Survive.  Advances:  The Journal of Mind-Body Health. 11(4), pp.5-19, Fall 1995.

 

            Study stemming form interviews of individuals who "beat" terminal cancer prognosis.  Prognosis caused individuals to focus on some meaningful/spiritual aspect of their life--giving them the energy to tirelessly pursue many resources to get well: alternative treatment, prayer, psychotherapy, visualization.

 

Burgrabbe, J., & Miller, K. (1991). Health Ministries for Your Congregation. Church and Society, 81, 62-65.

Chirban, J. T., (Ed.). (1991). Health and Faith: Medical, Psychological, and Religious
Dimensions Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

"Church-Based Health Care: A JCN Book for Parish Nurses."

 

          A compilation of thirteen previously published articles in the Journal of Christian Nursing on parish nursing. Available for $3 at www.gospelcom.net.

Clark, C.C. (1997). Recognizing spiritual needs of orthopaedic patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 16 (6), 27-33

This article includes a spiritual wellness checklist, a spiritual assessment, and a table outlining signs of spiritual problems.

Cole, C. and Murdock, A. (1985) The Congregation as a Healing Community.  UMC General Board of Global Ministries.

           

            A book designed to help churches understand what it means to be places of healing and wholeness. This publication is available for $2.50 from the UMC Health and Welfare Ministries.

"Congregational Health"

Winter, 1997 edition of the Journal of Christian Nursing which is entirely devoted to the research topic. Available for $3 at www.gospelcom.net.

Cunningham, A. J. (1993).  Observations:  Does Cancer Have "Meaning"?  Advances, The Journal of Mind-Body Health 9(1), 63-76.

 

            Uses concepts of transpersonal theory to find "meaning" in cancer utilizing own             experience with cancer.

 

Daumer, R. D., Seasons for Wholeness: Monthly Themes and Programming for

Parish Health Ministry (4 Volumes)

Each volume contains 24 monthly health theme articles and a resource file provides implementation suggestions for worship, education, and service. The individual volumes are available for $25 from the International Parish Nurse Resource Center.

Ellison, C., (Ed.). (1998). Symposium on Religion, Health, and Well-Being. Journal for

the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 692-754.

Emblen, J. D. (1992). Religion and Spirituality Defined According to Current Use in Nursing

Literature. Journal of Professional Nursing 8 (1), 41-47.

A screening of nursing literature from 1963 to 1989 for definitions distinguishing the concept of religion from that of spirituality.

 

Evans, Abigail. (1995). The Church as an Institution of Health: Making it Happen. Interpretation, 49, 158-171.
           

            This publication includes a directory of health ministries.

Fryback, P.B. & Reinert, B.R. (1999). Spirituality and People with Potentially Fatal Diagnosis..

Nursing Forum, 43 (1), 13-20.

A qualitative study with a table which focuses on defining the spiritual domain of health.

 

Glik, D. C. (1986).  Psychosocial Wellness Among Spiritual Healing Participants.  Social Science Medical 22(5)  pp.579-586.

 

            Very technical, positivistic study which links participation in spiritual healing groups to better measures of psychosocial well-being than average population.

 

Green, M. and Numrich, P. (2001). Religious perspectives on sexuality: A resource guide. Park Ridge, IL: The Park Ridge         Center for the Study of Health, Family and Ethics.

Halton, M. (1991). Congregations and Health. Christian Ministry, 22, 9-18.

Hawks, S. R., Hull, M. L., Thalman, R. L., & Richins, P. M. (1995).  Review of Spiritual Health:  Definition, Role, and Intervention Strategies in Health Promotion.  American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc. 9(5), 371-378. 

 

            Links cultivation of spirituality with positive changes in health behaviors: communication, diet activity, and treatment compliance.

 

Hinnells, J. R. and Roy Porter, (Eds.). (1999). Religion, Health and Suffering.  London: Kegan Paul.
           

This is a collection of conference papers from the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine.

Hill, P. C. and Butter, E. M. (1995).  "The Role of Religion in Promoting Physical Health." Journal of Psychology and Christianity 14(2):141-155.

 

Holifield, E. (1985). Health and Medicine in the Methodist Tradition.  New York:  Crossroad.

 

            Analyzing a tradition that finds its roots in John Wesley’s vast concern for issues of spirituality and health, this text demonstrates how a Wesleyan understanding of theology informs modern Methodist sensibilities concerning wellness.  Marking the ways in which both Wesley and contemporary advocates of his doctrines merge notions of holiness and happiness, restraint and responsibility, and possibility and limit to craft a holistic vision    of health, Holifield combines historical research with theological speculation to offer a well-rounded portrait of Methodism’s vital emphasis upon these overall well-being.

 

Hummer, R. A. et al. (1999).  "Religious Involvement and U.S. Adult Mortality," Demography 36(2):  1-13.

 

Jeffers, S.L. (2001).  Finding A Sacred Oasis in Illness.  Shawnee Mission, KS: Shawnee Mission Medical Center.

 

Kass, J.D. (1995).  Contributions of religious experience to psychological and physical wellbeing: research evidence and an explanatory model.  In L. VandeCreek (Ed.), Spiritual Needs and Pastoral Research:  Readings in Research (pp. 199-213).  Journal of Pastoral Care Publications, Inc.

 

Kimble, Melvin, McFadden, Susan, Ellor, James, and J. James, (Eds.). (1995). Aging, Spirituality, and Religion: A      Handbook.  Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.
           

Includes an essay by Anne Djupe and Granger Westberg entitled, "Congregation-Based Health Programs."

King, D.E. (2000).  Faith, Spirituality and Medicine.  Binghamton, NY: Haworth Pastoral Press.

 

Koenig, H.G. et al. (1998).  "The Relationship Between Religious Activities and Blood Pressure in Older Adults." Int'l. Journal of Psychology In Medicine 28(2):  189-213.

 

 

Koenig, H. (1997). Is religion good for your health? The effects of religion on physical and mental health. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press.

 

 

Larson, D., Swyers, J., and McCullough, M. (1998).  Scientific Research on Spirituality and Health: A Consensus Report.

 

A report that details the proceedings from NIHR's three part conference series involving over eighty researchers in physical health, mental health, addiction disorders, and neuroscience. This report is available for $45 from NIHR.

Larson, D. & Larson, S., The Forgotten Factor in Physical and Mental Health.  The John Templeton Foundation.

We have this text in our possession. This tutorial or training manual for preparing clinicians/chaplains to serve the spiritual needs of patients more effectively is an application of the Matthews et. al. bibliography. A supplement study guide is available for $10.

Levin, J. (2001).  God, Faith, and Health:  Exploring the Spirituality-Healing Connection.  New York:  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 

 

Levin, J. S., & Markides, K. S. (1986).  Religious Attendance and Subjective Health.  Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 25(1), pp. 31-40.

 

            Study which disputes claim of religious attendance as a causative factor to better physical health, concluding that those who attend must have good health to do so.

 

McBride, J.L. et al. (1998).  "The Relationship Between a Patient's Spirituality and Health Experiences." Family Medicine 30(2):  122-126.

 

McGarry, Francis. (1996). Balance, Wholeness, and Healing in Christianity. Journal of Religion and Health, 35, 159-168.


McGuire, M. B. (1993). Health and Spirituality as Contemporary Concerns. The Annals of the 
American Academy of      Political and Social Science, 527.


McGuire, M.B.. (1996). Religion and Healing the Mind/Body/Self. Social Compass, 43 (1), 101-116.

 

Magana, A., & Clark, N. M. (1995).  Childbirth—Religious aspects; Mexican American women —Health & Hygiene.  Health Education Quarterly, 22(1), pp. 96-110.

 

            Outlines possible link between Mexican American women's religiosity and fewer low birth rate babies compared to other ethnic groups having similar lower economic status.  Possible cause behind link is hypothesized to be religious lifestyle creates healthy habits in terms of alcohol consumption, etc.


Matthews, D.A., Larson, D, & Barry, C.P. (1995). The Faith Factor: A Bibliography of Clinical 
Research on Spiritual Topics (Vol IV). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.

Miller, M. A. (1995). Culture, Spirituality, and Women's Health. Journal or Obstetric, Gynecological, and Neonatal Nursing, 24(3), 257-263.

This is a review of the literature on culture, health/women's health, and spirituality/religion. The author suggests that the relationship between these variables may be tenuous.

Mitka, M. (1998).  Getting Religion Seen as Help in Being Well (Medical News & Perspectives).  JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(22), 1896-7.

 

            Connection between religious attendance and better health: lower blood pressure, healthier immune systems, and less depression.

 

Moberg, D.O. (Ed.). (2001).  Aging and Spirituality.  New York: Haworth.

 

Morse, E. V., Morse, P. M., Klebba, K. E., Stock, M. R., Forehand, R., & Panayotova, E. (2000).  The Use of Religion Among HIV-Infected African American Women.  Journal of Religion and Health, 39(3), 261-277.

 

            Public religiosity promoted less engagement in high-risk health behaviors

 

Narayanasamy, A. (1999). A Review of Spirituality as Applied to Nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies 36 (2), 117-125.

Examines the biological basis of spirituality as advanced by research on spiritual awareness. Offers an operational definition of spirituality embracing its biological roots.

Newberg, A., D’Aquili, E. and Rause, V. (2001).  Why God Won’t Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of Belief.  New York: Ballantine.

 

Oleckno, W. A., & Blacconiere, M. J. (1991).  Relationship of Religiosity to Wellness and other Health-Related Behaviors and Outcomes.  Psychological Reports, 68, 819-826.

 

            Positivisitc study finding causing of religiousness to better health due to adoption of better health/moral habits.

 

Overberg, Kenneth, (Ed.). (1994). AIDS, Ethics & Religion: Embracing a World of Suffering.  Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.

Papadopoulos, I. (1999). Spirituality and Holistic Caring: An Exploration of the Literature.  
Implicit Religion 2 (2), 101-107.

Explores literature published over the 1990s that addresses spirituality as it relates to health and health care.

Parker, P. (1997). Suffering, Prayer, and Miracles. Journal of Religion and Health, 36, 205-219.

Rebeck, Victoria. (1998). Faith and Health: Care and Cure. Christian Ministry, 29, 9-47.

Regensburger, N. (2001). Walking through the waters: Biblical reflections for families of cancer patients. Nashville, TN: The Upper Room.

Reif, M. V. (1997). Illuminating Meaning and Transforming Issues of Spirituality in HIV Diseases and AIDS: an Application of Parse's Theory of Human Becoming. Holistic Nursing Practice, 12 (1), 1-8.

Roberts, J.A. et al. (1997). "Factors Influencing Views of Patients with Gynecological Cancer About End-of-Life Decisions." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176 (1):  166-172.

 

Seeber, J. J. (1990). Spiritual Maturity in the Later Years. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 7(1/2), entire issue.

A collection of papers presented at a conference entitled "Spiritual Maturity and Wholeness in the Later Years: Theory Building for Empirical Practice."  This conference dealt with the conceptual interface between religion and aging.

 

Sloan, R.P., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. (1999). Religion, Spirituality, and Medicine. The Lancet, 353 (9153), 664.

Smith, S. (Ed.) (2003). Parish nursing: A handbook for the new millennium. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press.

Studies Affirm Link Between Religion, Well-Being. (1999). Parent Care Advisor.  March 1999.  pp. 3.

           

            Brief summary of four studies which link spirituality to various factors of well-being: blood pressure, depression, stress relief in caregivers, and lifespan.

 

Terrell, S. J. (1990).  This Other Kind of Doctors:  Traditional Medical Systems in Black Neighborhoods in Austin, Texas.  New York: AMS Press, Inc. 

 

            95 pg. treatise on black folklore medicine.  Interesting anecdotal evidence of non-religious forms of spirituality aiding physical health and recovery, basically through mechanism of relieving of stress related to dealing with illness.

Travis, J. and Ryan, R. (2001). Simply well: Choices for a healthy life. Berkley, CA: Ten Speed Press.

 

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Mental Domain of Health

 

Austin, D., and C. J. Lennings. Grief and Religious Belief: Does Belief Moderate Depression?

Death Studies, 17 (6), 487-496.

Assesses the contribution made by knowledge of religion and religious belief in moderating the effect of the grieving process.

 

Bilich, M., Bonfiglio, S. and Carlson, S. (2000). Shared grace: Therapist and clergy working together. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press.

 

Boyd, M. F. (1991). The African American Church as a Healing Community:

Theological and Psychological Dimensions of Pastoral Care. Journal of Theology,              95, 15-31.

Brome, D. R., Owens, M. D., Allen, K., & Vevaina, T. (2000).  An Examination of Spirituality Among African American Women in Recovery from Substance Abuse.  Journal of Black Psychology, 26(4), 470-487.

 

            Spirituality linked to more positive mental health outcomes


Cadwallader, E. H. (1991) Depression and Religion. Counseling and Values, 35 (2), entire issue.

            The entire issue of this journal is devoted to articles, which consider the relationship             between religious involvement and depression. A significant number of the essays address the counseling of depressed religious clients.

Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1999). Spiritual Diversity in Social Work Practice. New York,

NY: The Free Press.

 

Childs-Clarke, A., & Sharpe, J.  (1991).  Keeping the Faith, Religion in the Healing of Phobic Anxiety.  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 29(2), pp. 22-24.

 

            Case study in which religious imagery was utilized to reduce anxiety stemming from             acrophobia.

 

Clarke, I. (Ed.) (2001).  Psychosis and Spirituality.  London: Whurr Publishers.

 

Clinebell Jr., H.J. The Mental Health Ministry of the Local Church
           

            This publication is outlined by chapters @
            http://www.religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=419&C=253

 

Collins, G. and Culbertson, T. (2003). Mental illness and psychiatric treatment: A guide for pastoral counselors. New York: Haworth Press.

Daaleman, T. P.   (1999). Belief and Subjective Well-Being in Outpatients.  Journal of Religion and Health, 38(3), 219-227.

 

            Outpatients reported cognitive perceptions of well-being through spirituality creating meaning and existential understanding

 

Daaleman, T. P., Cobb, A. K., & Frey, B. B. (in press).  Spirituality and Well-Being:  An Exploratory Study of the Patients Perspective.  Kansas City, Kansas: University of Kansas Medical Center.

 

            Identify life scheme and self efficacy as two domains falling under helath-related             spirituality.

 

DePalo, R. L. (1997) Spirituality, Dealing with Illness, Hopelessness, and Multidimensional Fear of Death as Perceived by Gay Men with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

(Ph. D. Diss., New York University.

A study of 65 gay men with AIDS which utilizes five instruments to collect data: a demographic questionnaire, Spiritual Assessment Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Dealing with Illness Inventory, and the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale.

Ellison, C.G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and       Social Behavior, 32 (1), 80-100.

                                         

            Finds that positive effects of religious attendance and private devotion are mostly       indirect, but religious certainty directly and strongly influences well-being.

 

Fallot, R. (Ed.) (1998). Spirituality and religion in recovery from mental illness. San Francisco, CA: Joseey-Bass Publishers.

Fewell, R. R., & Vadasy, P. F.  Supports from Religious Organizations and Personal Beliefs.  In Families of Handicapped Children, Needs and Supports Across the Life Span. 297-315.

 

            Book chapter which elaborates on how religious belief and organizations provide valuable support to parents coping with the stress of raising a child with special needs

 

Fry, P. S. (2000).  Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life:  existential predictors of psychological well being in community-residing and institutional care elders.  Aging and Mental Health, 4(4), 375-387.

 

            Finds spirituality as contributing to greater well-being among older adults

 

 

Gartner, John, Larson, Dave and George Allen. (1991). Religious Commitment and Mental Health: A Review of the Empirical Literature. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 19

(1), 6- 25.

Reviews studies suggesting that religion is positively associated with mental health, that the relationship is ambiguous, or that religion is associated with psychopathology.

Gaventa, W. and Coulter, D. (Eds.) (2001). Spirituality and intellectual disability. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press.

 

Gregg-Schroeder, S. (1997). In the shadow of God's wings: Grace in the midst of depression. Nashville, TN: The Upper Room.

 

Jenkins, Richard A. and Kenneth Pargament. (1995). Religion and Spirituality as Resources